What is Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF)
ACDF removes a diseased cervical disc via an anterior neck corridor, inserting a graft and plate to achieve arthrodesis. Candidates have discogenic radiculopathy, myelopathy, or instability unresponsive to conservative care; active infection or isolated posterior cord compression are contraindications. Mechanically, ACDF restores stability and disc height but permanently eliminates segmental motion, shifting kinematic stress to adjacent levels.
What is Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (ALIF) – Abdominal / Anterior Approach
ALIF accesses the lumbar spine retroperitoneally through the anterior abdomen, removing the disc to insert a structural interbody cage and restore lordosis. Candidates present with discogenic low back pain or low-grade spondylolisthesis; severe posterior canal stenosis or vascular calcification are contraindicated.
What is Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (PLIF / TLIF) – Posterior Approach
Posterior lumbar fusion accesses the spine dorsally to decompress neural elements and place interbody cages and pedicle screws.
What is Circumferential 360 Degree Fusion (Anterior-Posterior / AP Fusion)
Circumferential 360 degree fusion combines anterior interbody structural column support with posterior pedicle screw stabilization.